3Rs - search page

Appendix A of the Animal Usage Form asks for the methods used to search for alternatives to procedures that may cause more than slight pain or distress to animals.

This gateway provides a place for researchers funded by the NC3Rs to promote the 3Rs impact of their work, and publish rapidly, in an open and transparent manner.

Norecopa has constructed four databases, which together with all the text on this website can be searched simultaneously using the search field at the top of every page.

In the regulatory assessment of chemicals (e.g. under REACH), (Q)SAR models are playing an increasingly important role in predicting properties for hazard and risk assessment.

Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in preventing or alleviating pain. In particular, there is now considerable opportunity to minimise or eliminate pain following surgical procedures. 

Initiate activities that may lead to the immediate implementation of the 3Rs.

Three Rs Resources

The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART) and the Ministry for Primary Industries have produced a series of booklets on the application of the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the use of animals in research and teaching.

• Cell-based Disease Models (replacement)
• Computer Assisted Learning (replacement)
• Mannequins and Dummies (replacement)
• Alternatives to shellfish toxicity testing (replacement) 
• Fireflies to the rescue (reduction)
• Mathematical models (reduction)
• Tissue sharing (reduction)
• Simple ingenuity (refinement)
• Non-Invasive Methods (refinement)
• Living syringes (refinement)
• Oil emulsified gels (refinement)