3Rs - search page

This roadmap, vision and strategy for non-animal technologies in the UK has been drawn up by Innovate UK, the National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Medical Research Council, and has been published on their behalf by Innovate UK. It is intended to guide the efforts of all those working in this area. The issues outlined and the recommendations have come out of extensive discussions between the six organisations that are endorsing the roadmap and with many other key stakeholders.

Replacing Animal Research (Formally FRAME) carries out both lab-based and office-based research. Click on the links  for more information.

The FRAME lab uses cells derived from human tissues to produce biologically relevant in vitro models of human organs, which behave and respond in the way they would in the body.

EPISKIN, world leader in tissue engineering, offers Human Reconstructed Tissues to the global scientific community - academic and industry - to support research and development activities in Safety and Efficacy

MAWA's aim is to advance medical science to improve human health and therapeutic outcomes without using animals or animal products.

This website provides a series of resources to support the adoption of best practice for commonly used procedures in animal research.

A website with explanations and sources of alternatives.

The RSPCA  strongly promote fuller implementation of all 3Rs, and they recognise the work done by other bodies to develop and validate humane alternatives, and to address the current crisis with reproducibility and translatability in the life sciences.

• Replacement: methods which avoid or replace animal use - our principal goal

• Reduction: ensuring that the minimum number of animals is used to answer the scientific question, using effective experimental design and statistical analysis to optimise numbers and avoid wasting animals

• Refinement: reducing suffering and improving welfare throughout animals' lives, including procedures, housing, husbandry and care

Animal Free Research UK funds research that directly impacts the replacement of animals in biomedical research. Their aim is the replacement of animals in fundamental biomedical research as well as proving that valuable human-relevant science can take place with the use of non-animal methods.

Scientists at the ICR are growing spheres of cancer cells in the laboratory which are designed to mimic the properties of solid tumours.