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General Database Information
Initiate activities that may lead to the immediate implementation of the 3Rs.
Three Rs Resources
The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART) and the Ministry for Primary Industries have produced a series of booklets on the application of the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the use of animals in research and teaching.
- Cell-based Disease Models (replacement)
- Computer Assisted Learning (replacement)
- Mannequins and Dummies (replacement)
- Alternatives to shellfish toxicity testing (replacement)
- Fireflies to the rescue (reduction)
- Mathematical models (reduction)
- Tissue sharing (reduction)
- Simple ingenuity (refinement)
- Non-Invasive Methods (refinement)
- Living syringes (refinement)
- Oil emulsified gels (refinement)
ALTBIB is a search tool that retrieves PubMed citations on alternatives to the use of live vertebrates in biomedical research and testing. It includes citations from published articles, books, book chapters, and technical reports. It also provides links to news sources and additional resources on alternatives to animal testing.
A wide variety of topics are covered, including biologics and vaccines, carcinogenesis, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, genotoxicity, hepatic/renal toxicity, immunotoxicity/immunology, neurotoxicity, ocular toxicity, pharmacokinetic/mechanistic studies, pyrogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), reproductive and developmental toxicity, skin toxicity, and animal welfare.