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Welcome to this NC3Rs wiki on refinement of the use of chronic implants in neuroscience research using NHPs.

Here you can read, post and edit practical information on the design, implantation and maintenance of headposts, recording chambers and other implants. The wiki also includes information on non-invasive approaches to head restraint.

These photographic guides should be used in conjunction with our Welfare Monitoring Tools to identify behaviours which indicate positive and negative welfare. Video guides to behaviour are also available. 

A key aim of the Group is to encourage people to take account of the whole lifetime experience of laboratory rodents, ensuring that every potential impact on their wellbeing has been reviewed and refined.

In a transatlantic collaboration, scientists from the NC3Rs and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia have conducted the first ever survey of the approaches used for training monkeys for chair restraint.