The Canadian Centre for Alternatives to Animal Methods (CCAAM) and the Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (CaCVAM) aim to develop, validate, and promote non-animal, human biology-based platforms in biomedical research, education, and chemical safety testing.
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General Database Information
Canadian Centre for Alternatives to Animal Methods (CCAAM)
Topic: Teaching
Species specific
Refining Dog Care
These photographic guides should be used in conjunction with our Welfare Monitoring Tools to identify behaviours which indicate positive and negative welfare. Video guides to behaviour are also available.
Topic: Dog