3Rs - search page

The primary aim of ECOPA is to promote "the three Rs" (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) in the use of animals in research, testing, education and training in Europe.

This roadmap, vision and strategy for non-animal technologies in the UK has been drawn up by Innovate UK, the National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Medical Research Council, and has been published on their behalf by Innovate UK. It is intended to guide the efforts of all those working in this area. The issues outlined and the recommendations have come out of extensive discussions between the six organisations that are endorsing the roadmap and with many other key stakeholders.

The FRAME lab uses cells derived from human tissues to produce biologically relevant in vitro models of human organs, which behave and respond in the way they would in the body.

EPISKIN, world leader in tissue engineering, offers Human Reconstructed Tissues to the global scientific community - academic and industry - to support research and development activities in Safety and Efficacy

MAWA's aim is to advance medical science to improve human health and therapeutic outcomes without using animals or animal products.

A website with explanations and sources of alternatives.

Animal Free Research UK funds research that directly impacts the replacement of animals in biomedical research. Their aim is the replacement of animals in fundamental biomedical research as well as proving that valuable human-relevant science can take place with the use of non-animal methods.

Scientists at the ICR are growing spheres of cancer cells in the laboratory which are designed to mimic the properties of solid tumours.

Internet platform for animal free research (German site).

A comprehensive database of literature and other resources on nonanimal model systems, experimental model validity and translatability, research policy and legislation, preparing manuscripts, and publishing and peer review biases.

To establish international cooperation in the critical areas of validation studies, independent peer review, and development of harmonized recommendations in order to ensure worldwide acceptance.